1.
(a)
The striking workers didn’t have any political ideology.
(b)
The striking workers did not appear to have any political ideology.
(c)
Researchers have noted the absence of any political ideology in the
actions of the workers.
(d)
The lack of any political ideology behind the worker’s
strikes caused the strikes to end as soon as salaries were raised.
2.
(a)
Most Japanese universities place a lot of importance on English
proficiency. This sometimes leads universities to forget about
training students in the use of Japanese.
(b)
The priority given to English in Japanese universities may lead to a
comparative neglect of training in Japanese language skills.
(c)
The priority given to English in Japanese universities may lead to a
comparative neglect of training in Japanese language skills and
failure to provide classes in other foreign languages.
3.
(a)
Rainforests are forests where lots of rain falls.
(b)
Tropical rainforests are forests with lots of rain and a warm
climate.
(c)
Rainforests are forests characterised by high rainfall.
4.
(a)
Rainforests are often called the lungs of the planet, because they
absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
(b)
Rainforests’ ability to absorb carbon and produce oxygen has
led scientists to call them the lungs of the planet.
5.
(a)
Oil is a finite/non-renewable resource.
(b)
The fact that oil is a non-renewable resource has led to calls to
develop renewable energy such as solar power.
(c)
The development of renewable energy sources, occasioned by the
realisation that oil is a non-renewable resource, began in the 19the
century when therewere difficulties obtaining coal.
6.
(a)
In 1989, Pons and Fleischmann announced that they had discovered cold
fusion.
(b)
In 1989, Pons and Fleischmann announced their discovery of cold
fusion. This caused great excitement amongst scientists.
(c)
Pons and Fleischmann’s discovery in 1989 of cold fusion led to
great excitement in the scientific community.
moreover/furthermore
… その上、さらに、加えて
as
we have seen … 周知のように、これまで見てきたように
In
addition to
with
reference to
are
considered to be
apart
from
purpose
